Injection-extraction treatment well pairs: an alternative to permeable reactive barriers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Cunningham JA  Reinhard M 《Ground water》2002,40(6):599-607

Two of the biggest drawbacks of using permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to treat contaminated ground water are the high capital cost of installation, particularly when the contaminated ground water is deep below ground surface, and the uncertainty of whether or not PRBs remain effective for the long time scales (e.g., decades) needed for many contaminant plumes. The use of an injection-extraction treatment well pair (IETWP) for capture and treatment of contaminated ground water can circumvent these difficulties, while still providing many of the same advantages offered by PRBs. In this paper, the hydraulics of IETWPs and PRBs are compared, focusing primarily on the width of the captured plume. It is demonstrated that IETWPs act as hydraulic barriers in a manner similar to PRBs, and that IETWPs provide excellent plume capture. A mathematical expression is presented for the plume capture width of an IETWP oriented perpendicular to the ground water flow direction in a homogeneous aquifer. Also discussed are other practical considerations that might determine whether an IETWP is better suited than a PRB for a particular contaminated site; these considerations include operating and maintenance costs, and the conditions under which an IETWP system can be used for in situ remediation.  相似文献   

Evaluation of two direct immunoassays for rapid detection of petroleum products on marine birds     

Fritcher DL  Mazet JA  Ziccardi MH  Gardner IA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(5):388-395

To reduce rehabilitation time and improve survival, a practical, objective test is needed to determine if marine birds are contaminated with oil before they enter captivity. The RaPID Assays and EnviroGard immunoassays for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil were evaluated for their ability to detect petroleum on feather samples from 30 intermediate fuel oil contaminated and 30 uncontaminated common murres (Uria aalge). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, precision, and time required to run each assay were determined. The RaPID Assays was 96.7% sensitive and specific, while the EnviroGard assay was 93.3% sensitive, and 90.0% specific. Sensitivity decreased at higher dilutions for both assays. Intra-replicate variation was less than 20%. Our evaluation showed that these immunoassays are rapid and cost-effective methods for detecting oil-contamination on the plumage of seabirds, with the EnviroGard assay being more practical in most oil spill response situations due to ease of use and rapidity of results.  相似文献   

用三维有限差分法求反射走时     

Hole  JA 许健生 《世界地震译丛》1997,(3):71-78

在含有三维几何反射体的复杂三维速度模型，发展了一种计算反射地震波走时方法。为了处理大且急剧的速度反差，对现有的计算初至波走时的有限差分法作了适当修改。修改的计算方法比以前的几种方案更快且更精确，并结合到计算反射走时的程序中。这个反射波走时程序非常适合编入三维反射体结构的反演法中。  相似文献   

线性滞回阻尼与希尔伯特变换     

Inau.  JA 孙建刚 《世界地震工程》1996,(1):73-80

  相似文献   

一种用于编码立体测图仪的AutoCAD制图系统     

Roge.  JA 吴寿虎 《北京测绘》1989,(2):34-36

  相似文献   

威明顿油田长滩区小层补充开发研究     

Robe.  JA  周征 《国外石油地质》1989,(4):19-25

  相似文献   

科罗拉多乔治溪金伯利岩墙的发现     

Carl.  JA 周存义 《山东地质情报》1989,(2):8-9

  相似文献   

张家口市水资源安全风险空间分异研究     

鲁春霞  邓欧  李亦秋 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(1):91-98

张家口市地处生态脆弱的农牧交错地带,地表水资源匮乏,地下水超采严重,可利用的地表水资源有限。同时,张家口市又处于京津冀协同发展中的水源涵养区,其水资源安全对于整个京津冀至关重要。根据水资源安全风险大小进行水资源分区管理和决策工作意义重大。本文在遵循科学性、可比性、可操作性和数据可获取性原则指导下,构建水资源安全风险评价指标体系,利用层次分析法求取指标权重,采用数理统计和3S技术空间分析获取张家口市基于水资源分区的以县域为单位的多源数据,进行数据归一化处理和加权水资源安全风险评价,结果表明:张家口市水资源安全风险在地貌单元与县域行政尺度上和在流域尺度上分异明显。坝上高风险区面积较大,但高风险极端值在坝下市辖区;流域尺度上水资源安全高风险区分布在内陆河流域和永定河流域,所辖的滦河流域、潮白河流域、大青河流域水资源安全风险值呈现由北向南降低的趋势。坝上偏西偏北区域,"孕灾环境脆弱性"对水资源安全风险的贡献率最大,坝下农区农业用水虽然会挤占其它产业发展和生态用水空间,在水资源禀赋不足的条件下,市辖区城市人口的集聚和工业经济的发展造成的水资源数量短缺和水环境污染所引发的水资源安全风险更大。张家口市水资源安全风险的空间分异研究,可为农牧交错带水资源安全风险分区管理和决策工作提供重要科学参考。  相似文献   

关于透印和油墨渗透的数学表述     

Bris.  JA 张凌 《武测译文》1992,(4):38-42

  相似文献   

Metal speciation and environmental impact on sandy beaches due to El Salvador copper mine, Chile   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ramirez M  Massolo S  Frache R  Correa JA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(1):62-72

Several coastal rocky shores in northern Chile have been affected by the discharges of copper mine tailings. The present study aims to analyze the chemical speciation of heavy metals in relation to the diversity of sessile species in the rocky intertidal benthic community on the northern Chilean coast, which is influenced by the presence of copper mine tailings. In particular, the chemical forms of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in beach sediment samples collected in the area influenced by El Salvador mine tailings were studied using a sequential chemical extraction method. In general, all the elements present a maximum concentration in the area near the actual discharge point (Caleta Palito). With regard to Cu and Mn, the concentrations range between 7.2-985 and 746-22,739 microg/g respectively, being lower than background levels only in the control site of Caleta Zenteno. Moreover, the correlation coefficients highlight that Fe, Mn and Ni correlate significantly and positively in the studied area, showing a possible common, natural origin, whilst Cu shows a negative correlation with Fe, Mn and Ni. It could be possible that Cu has an anthropogenic origin, coming from mining activity in the area. Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn are mostly associated with the residual phase, whilst Cu presents a different speciation pattern, as resulted from selective extractions. In fact, Cu is highly associated with organic and exchangeable phases in contaminated localities, whilst it is mainly bound to the residual phase in control sites. Moreover, our results, compared to local biological diversity, showed that those sites characterized by the highest metal concentrations in bioavailable phase had the lowest biodiversity.  相似文献